ARACHNOLOGY
The study of arachnids

Latrodectus hasselti (by A. Tanikawa)

See also :

Mites & Ticks and the diseases they transmit
Spiders : Black widows (Latrodectus sp.), Brown recluse spiders (Loxosceles reclusa & L. sp.), Tarantulas ('bird-eating spiders', Theraphosidae etc.), Funnel web spiders (Atrax and Hadronyche) and the Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis, Aggressive house spider)

Poison Centers :

Belgium : Antigifcentrum - Centre Antipoisons
Kazakhstan : Toxicology Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
USA: Find Your Poison Center

• Spider Bite Recovery Support Group Inc. Our aim is to see funding re-instated for medical research, in order to establish a recognised treatment for the bite of the White-Tailed Spider. The Support Group welcomes all members of the community from Australia and New Zealand. Helen Midgley (Australia)
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism -- Pacific Northwest, 1988-1996 CDC Wonder (USA)
  
• Poison on the Web Arizona Poison Page (International)
  
• How To Give A Spider A Bad Name About Venomous, Envenomation, Poisonous Venom ... Robert Gale Breene III. College of the Southwest Carlsbad, New Mexico (USA)
  
• Serious Spider Bites: Close Encounters of the Rarest Kind Terry Miller Shannon. Medscape Health (USA)
  
• Jumping to Unfortunate Conclusions: Phidippus audax, the most common cause of spider bites Arthur Huntley, Dermatology Online Journal (USA)
  
• Funnel-Web Spiders Atrax robustus and A. formidabilis. Glenda Crew (Australia)
  
• Classes of Arthropod Pests of the urban community Urban Entomology. Entomology UC Riverside. Walter Ebeling (USA)
  
• Urban entomology Pests attacking man and his pets. Walter Ebeling, UC Riverside Entomology (USA)
  
• Brown recluse bite symptoms Nebraska EntWeb. Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA)
  
• Spider bites Black widow and the brown recluse spiders. Symptoms, treatment. Univ. of Maryland Medicine (USA)
  
• The Hobo spider web site An informational web site dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis), Hobo spider poisoning, and other biting or stinging organisms capable of causing significant reactions in humans. Darwin K. Vest (USA)
  
• Few Spider Bites Require Medical Attention Health Care Service Corporation (USA)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance UCSD Regional Poison Center Home Page (USA)
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism In Utah Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis), Brown recluse (Loxosceles reclusa) & the Yellow sac spiders (Cheiracanthium inclusum and C. meldei). Bureau of Epidemiology. Utah Dep. of Health (USA)
  
• The Hobo spider web site An informational web site dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis), Hobo spider poisoning, and other biting or stinging organisms capable of causing significant reactions in humans. Darwin K. Vest (USA)
  
• A word about bites and stings From 'The Hobo spider web site' (Tegenaria agrestis). Darwin K. Vest (USA)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Info and pictures. Barb Ogg. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Poisonous Plants and Animals Black widow, Brown recluse, Latrodectus, Scorpion, Tarantula, Sydney funnel web. ThinkQuest (USA)
  
• Application of Venom Modern and prospective uses. ThinkQuest (USA)
  
• Investigations Into the Psyche of the Spider This article outlines a series of preliminary investigations into the effects of spider venom on the deeper levels of the human psyche. Initial data were gathered from a series of "dream provings" and subsequently evaluated in the light of previously recorded materia medica, entomological studies and clinical experience. Jonathan Shore. Homeopathy Online (USA)
  
• The Cutaneous Parasite Home Page Ticks, scabietic and nonscabietic mites, spiders and scorpions. Edward A. Gross (USA)
  
• Black Widow Spiders and other Spiders of Medical Importance Info of some dangerous spiders. Louis B. Caruana (USA)
  
• Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis of a D-Amino Acid-containing Peptide, w-Agatoxin-TK w-Agatoxin-TK, also called w-agatoxin-IVB, is a 48-amino-acid peptide isolated from the venom of the American funnel web spider (Agelenopsis aperta), which is a potent and selective blocker of voltage-dependent P-type calcium channels in brain neurons. Manabu Kuwada, Tomohiro Watanabe, Tetsuya Teramoto, Yasushi Shikata, Teruya Kozaki, and Yukio Nishizawa. The Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories (Japan)
  
• Diversity of Joro Spider Toxins In a study to solve a mystery of venom toxicity of the joro spider, Nephila clavata, we purified and identified several spider toxins such as Clavamine, Spidamine and Joramine. Masanori Yoshioka, Tadashige Chiba, Motomi Matsukawa, Maki Nishimura and Toshifumi Akizawa. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka (Japan)
  
• Spiders some info about poisonous spiders. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA)
  
• Florida Spiders: Biology & Control Info. Eric T. Schreiber, John A. Mulrennan & G.B. Edwards. EntGuide publications, Florida A&M University (USA)
  
• Poison Prevention Notes - Spider bites Poison Control Center. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (USA)
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism Reprint from the August 1996 issue of Medical Sciences Bulletin. PharmInfoNet (USA)
  
• Spider Bites, Confused The bite of the aggressive house spider in Montana is being confused with that of the brown recluse spider. Department of Entomology, Montana State University - Bozeman (USA)
  
• Spider Bites: Does your doctor know? "... The basic facts about the physical ability of spiders to bite humans places them near the bottom of the list. The ability of most spiders to bite a human could be compared to our ability to bite a plaster board wall in a house". Department of Entomology, Montana State University - Bozeman (USA)
  
• Spider toxins Structural Classification of Proteins. The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (Australia)
  
• Snakes and spiders of Kazakhstan and Central Asia Black widow spider (Latrodectus lugubris), Lycosa signoriensis (Allohogna signoriensis), scorpions, Solpugid. Pictures and info. Toxicology Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in English and Russian) (Kazakhstan)
  
• Bites and Stings of medically important venomous arthropods Richard S. Vetter and P. Kirk Visscher. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA (USA)
  
• Causes of Necrotic Wounds other than Brown Recluse Spider Bites Rick Vetter (USA)
  
• Spider victim forced to eat own feces! Tabloid (USA)
  
• Venomous Arthropods PDF. Info about Black widow, Brown recluse & Yellow house spider. Control and management of spiders. Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual. Univ. of Florida (USA)
  
• Spider Venoms and Spider Toxins Abstract: Spider venoms and toxins are useful tools for the study of ion channels and synaptic functions of neurons in vertebrates and invertebrates. The components of spider venom, such as proteins, peptides, polyamines and bioamines, are species-specific. The various functions of these toxins are reviewed in this paper. Masahisa Ori and Hiroyoshi Ikeda. Jounal of Toxicology. Toxin reviews,17(3),405-426(1998) (Japan)
  
• Bites and Stings California Poison Control System Answer Book (USA)
  
• Bite victims push for funding to find spider anti-venom A push is underway to get funding for research to find an anti-venom for one of Australia's most dangerous spiders. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Three of the worst With Atrax, Funnel web spider. Damon Shorter. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Bacteria Associated with a Venomous Spider Dr. Bleakley and his students isolated a bacterium, Bacillus sphaericus, which degrades protein and red blood cells and grows well at human body temperature. This may enable it to help cause the tissue damage found in severe bite cases. South Dakota State University (USA)
  
• Spider Venom May Yield Environmentally Safe Pesticide Jane Shaskan. Advance, University of Connecticut (USA)
  
• Spiders, Snakes and Scorpions: The Basics of Bites and Stings David Von Behren. The Univ. of Arizona (USA)
  
• Danger in the woodpile - Spider -- or something -- puts bite on Alaskan The Hobo spider in Alaska. George Bryson. Anchorage Daily News (USA)
  
• What are insect and spider bites? Some info. Apni sehat (USA)
  
• Funnel Web Venom Gives Hope Of Insecticide To Beat Cotton Crop Pest Australian Vice-Chancellor's Committee (Australia)
  
• The Black Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans. Information about the poison, General Neurotoxin Function, -a-Latrotoxin, Mechanisms of -a-Latrotoxin Function, Possible Uses in Medicine and Research. Davidson College (USA)
  
• Medicinal Uses of Animal Toxins Davidson College (USA)
  
• Spider bites Black widow, Brown recluse, Chronic arachnidism or necrotic arachnidism, Jumping spiders, Wolf spiders, Tarantulas, Northwestern brown spider or the hobo spider, Daddy longlegs spiders. California Poison Control System (USA)
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism -- Pacific Northwest, 1988-1996 Information. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (USA)
  
• Spider bites Childrens Medical Center of Dallas (USA)
  
• Spider Toxin Toxin of Agelenopsis aperta. Homologous Structure Alignment Database. The database provides aligned three-dimensional structures of homologous proteins. Mizuguchi K, Deane CM, Blundell TL, Overington JP Crystallography and Biocomputing. The Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge (UK)
  
• Spiders Some info and pictures of dangerous spiders. Dallas Ft. Worth Pest Control (USA)
  
• Spiders: Medically Important PDF. Widow spiders, Brown recluse, Hobo spider and sac spiders. Envenomation & Management of spiders. Defense Supply Center Philadelphia (USA)
  
• Spider Envenomations: Brown Recluse, Funnel Web spider, Widow spiders and tarantulas (use the list in the left frame).Emergency Medicine. Boston Medical Publishing (USA)
  
• Poisonous spiders, ticks and other biting mites in Oregon Oregon State Univ. Extension (USA)
  
• Spiders Some info. Univ. of California at Davis (USA)
  
• Spider Bites in Alaska Info. State of Alaska Epidemiology (USA)
  
• Spider venom used in clean chemistry Compounds based on spider venom, for use as environmentally friendly pesticides or to treat Alzheimer's disease, have been made using a radically new process known as "cascade" or "one-pot" chemistry. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (UK)
  
• Spider Bite Your horse has a pea-sized lump that's very sore. If you suspect spider bite, here's what to do. Karen Hayes, Horse & Rider, November 2000 (USA)
  
• Brown Recluse Spider Bites Thomas P. Forks, DO, PhD, Department of Family Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (USA)
  
• The Itsy Bitsy Terror Some info and pictures. Gordon Grice. Wildernesstactics, Fieldstream (USA)
  
• Spinnen Information and pictures of Atrax, Araneus diadematus, Latrodectus, Phoneutria, Tarantulas. Ralf Rebmann (in German (Germany)
  
• Elixir of Spider Spit a protein in the venom of the Chile Rose tarantula could prevent deaths from heart attacks. Josie Glausiusz. Discover (USA)
  
• Spiders With some info about the Sydney funnel web spider, northern rivers funnel web spider, red back, mouse spider and the white tail spider. Elders pest control (Australia)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Barb Ogg, University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Funnel web spiders Large text about the clinical effects of the bite etc. Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations (Canada)
  
• Spiders A little info. Iowa Statewide Poison Control Center (USA)
  
• Spiders Identification, spider bites, management, warning on the use of chemicals. Black widow, Yellow sac spider, brown recluse. University of California (USA)
  
• International Venom & Toxin Database Bryan Grieg Fry, Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland (Australia)
  
• The White Tailed Spider (Lampona cylindrata) Info and picture. Dr David Cooper (Australia)
  
• Picture of a Brown recluse bite With some info. Vanderbilt Medical Center (USA)
  
• Informationen über giftige Tiere Kreuzspinne, Skorpion, Zecke. Informationszentrale gegen Vergiftungen der Universität Bonn (Germany)
  
• Spider bites Medic Planet (USA)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Michigan State University Extension (USA)
  
• Spider bites Loxosceles, Cheiracanthium, Sicarius, Latrodectus. Biodiversity Explorer Spotlight, iziko, museums of Cape Town (South Africa)
  
• Spider plants modified food debate is about to get a little stranger. Researchers in Australia and America now suggest that cereal crops should be made as poisonous as one of the deadliest spiders in the world. David Adam. Nature (USA)
  
• Scorpion stings and spider bites First aid and treatment for spider bites and scorpion stings etc. Dr Charlie Easmon (UK)
  
• Synthesized spider venom may one day save stroke victims from brain damage Blaine P. Friedlander. Cornell Chronicle (USA)
  
• Black widow spider Description of the poisoning from a bite by a black widow spider. U.S. National Library of Medicine (USA)
  
• Brown recluse spider Description of the poisoning from a bite by a brown recluse spider. U.S. National Library of Medicine (USA)
  
• Poisonous Spiders and Scorpions PDF. Pests that affect human health. Widow spiders, Brown recluse, Yellow sac spider, scorpions. Bites and symptoms, Chemical control, Non-chemical control. Kansas State University (USA)
  
• Venomous bites and stings Active First Aid Online!. Ian Wilson (Australia)
  
• Venom Rx Venom may be deadly, but it can also be the source of medical cures. Australia's Little Assassins. Nature (USA)
  
• The Danger of Red Back Spiders and Toads Dr Cam Day. A World of Petcare (Australia)
  
• Brown recluse spider bite A little info. University of Virginia (USA)
  
• Arachnophobia: Dealing With Spider Bites Info about bites and treatment. Michael A. Woo-Ming. PersonalMD.com (USA)
  
• Australian Venomous Creatures First Aid and Treatment, Funnel web Spiders, Redback Spiders, White tailed Spiders, Ticks, Necrotising Arachnidism, Scorpions, Mouse Spiders, Other Spiders. Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne (Australia)
  
• Australian Venom Research Unit White tailed spiders, Mouse spiders, Spider Bites, Necrotising arachnidism, .... Univ. of Melbourne (Australia)
  
• Venomous Creatures: Arthropods Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (Black Widow, Brown Spiders, Scorpions, Tarantulas) (USA)
  
• Venomous Spiders PDF. Martin Caravati. College of Pharmacy, Univ. of Utah (USA)
  
• Poison Pearls and Perils - Spiders Some info. Cathleen Clancy. Bulletin from the National Capital Poison Center (USA)
  
• Mouse spider venom similar to funnel-web's Corey Nassau. Monas Newsline (Australia)
  
• Bites & Sings - Spiders Redback Spider (Latrodectus hasselti), Victorian Funnel-Web Spider (Hadronyche modesta) & other spiders. Women's and Children's Health (Australia)
  
• General Information on spiders and antivenom Venom types, Atrax & Latrodectus. The Australian Reptile Park (Australia)
  
• Application of spider venom toxins and their analogues as new specific insecticides Prof M. Howden Dr D.E. Tribe, Deakin University Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne (Australia)
  
• Insect bites and stings RxMed (USA)
  
• Cascade chemistry makes spider venom A radically new chemical processing technique has helped to make new compounds. Based on spider venom, the compounds hold out the promise of environmentally friendly pesticides or treatments for Alzheimer's disease. ScienceCity (UK)
  
• Spiders Scientific Pest Management (Australia)
  
• Are Daddy Longlegs world's most poisonous animals? Urban Legends Reference Pages (USA)
  
• Bug and spider bites Patient Medical Assistant. Sparks Medical Centers (USA)
  
• Between brown recluse and black widow, tiny arachnids can cause not-so-itsy-bitsy problems The Tennessean (USA)
  
• Nature's Dracula: Spiders Both Frightening, Fascinating Members of the Animal World Linda Braden Albert. The Daily Times (USA)
  
• Spiders - Brown Recluse, Black Widow, and others Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology (USA)
  
• Is a Daddy Long Legs the most poisonous spider? Straight Dope Science Advisory Board (USA)
  
• Toxic Components of North American Spider and Snake Venoms Collis Geren. The Arkansas Biotechnology Center, University of Arkansas (USA)
  
• Australian Venom & Toxin Database With a spider section: Australian Funnel-web spiders (Atrax sp.), Red-back widow spider (Latrodectus hasselti). Whistling spider (Selenocosmia stirlingi. Bryan Grieg Fry. Peptide Laboratory, Centre for Drug Design and Development. University of Queensland (Australia)
  
• Spider of Australia Redbacks (Latrodectus hasseltii), Funnelwebs (Atrax & Hadronyche), ... Robert Raven (Australia)
  
• Spider Bite Recovery Support Group (Australia)
  
• Envenomations Chris Thompson and John Loadsman (Australia)
  
• Australian spider and insect bites Chris Thompson and John Loadsman; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Department of Anaesthetics (Australia)
  
• Venomous spider sidelines Fort Worth judge Info and pictures. Aimee Courtice. VirtualTexan.com (USA)
  
• CSL Funnel Web Spider Antivenom CSL Antivenom Handbook, Clinical Toxinology Home Page, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide (Australia)
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism in Australia Clinical Toxinology Home Page, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide (Australia)